Steve Jobs Leadership Assessment - 2120 Words

Steve Jobs’ Leadership Assessment Katina King Brenau University Steve Jobs’ Leadership Assessment Many organizations are successful because of the formulated relationships between its leaders and followers. These organizations spend countless amounts of money on new leadership training. However, researchers have been studying and debating leadership for centuries and there is still not a concrete definition for leadership. There are influential people such as Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple Inc., whose life as a leader gives some interesting insight into leadership retrospectively. This paper will assess Jobs’ leadership through several leadership theories. Traits (why traits failed) The Trait Theory leadership suggests that a person is born with qualities, which makes them an effective leader. Peter Northouse (2013) states, â€Å"a leader who is categorized through the trait theory is born with distinctive characteristics or traits which makes others see the person as â€Å"a born leader† (pg. 15). Steve Jobs has been called a born leader. However, Jobs was a visionary with a complex leadership style. He possessed a distinctive personality that represented a key factor in how he led Apple Inc. but his personality is not the only thing that made him a great leaders. Jobs’ main personal traits are highlighted as: passionate, flexible, impulsive, overly critical, obsessive perfectionist, highly intuitive charismatic, and egotist, free-spirit innovator, open-minded,Show MoreRelatedSteve Jobs as a Visionary and Transformational Leader1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Steve Jobs unique approach to leadership and visionary approach to creating, producing and selling innovative products, combined with his innate ability to orchestrate increasingly complex companies have earned him many accolades. Fortune Magazine named him the best leader of the Decade and countless other publications, colleges and universities have given him many accolades and honorary degrees. All these external measures of success reflect who Steve Jobs is on a daily basis,Read MoreSteve Jobs : Visionary Leader1406 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs: Visionary Leader According to the Oxford Dictionary, leadership is defined as â€Å"The action of leading a group of people or an organization†. (Oxford University Press, 2016) Over the decade’s leadership has come to mean much more than its simple definition. There are many books, blog posts and theories discussing leadership along with methods on how to be an effective leader. With so many theories and methods how is one to know what works for them? Is a leadership method something weRead MoreLeadership Evaluation : Steve Jobs924 Words   |  4 Pages3. Leadership evaluation: Steve Jobs As explained by Kutsar, Ghose Kutsar (2014) many great leaders have led companies to growth and prosperity in various ways with different styles. In the technology sector, Steve Jobs is one of the most celebrated leaders for his leadership and innovation. Jobs over the years has shaped Apple into the technology giant it is today. Table A1, in Appendix A lists the several assessments tools used to define Job’s leadership, for this discussion we will focus onRead MoreProject Management : A Project Manager1030 Words   |  5 Pagesmanager has to develop to take them from simply being a project manager to a project leader who inspires people to higher achievements and accomplishments and not just managers of their work. These are the essence of leadership. To write about four aspects that differentiate leadership from that of a project manager as he performs his role I will look at these aspects, (a) approach, (b) risks, (c) values and (d) focus. Approach A project manager works with constraints. Once the charter is acceptedRead MorePersonal Theory Based Leadership Style1581 Words   |  7 Pages Personal theory-based leadership style: A reflective paper Introduction There are many theories of leadership. Depending on the researcher, some theories may also be subdivided based on specific characteristic. Nevertheless, regardless of the researcher’s views, for the practitioner, it is important to be cognizant of their personal style. The responsibilities of an educational leader are vast and varied. They must be able to be effective with the faculty, support staff, students, parents, communityRead MoreChanging A Companys Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesChanging a Company’s Culture When it comes to corporate culture, there would be no better example than Apple Computer as how change can take place based on the leadership of a single individual. This would be no other than Steven Paul Jobs, better known to the world of Steve Jobs. Mr. Jobs was worth slightly over million dollars at the age of 23. By the time he was 24 years old he was worth just over $10 million and by the time he reached the age of 25 was worth well over $100 million dollars. ARead MoreLeadership As A Leader?1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The term leader and the concept of leadership are used in virtually every aspect of human life. We are captivated by leaders and leadership to the point of obsession. Consider our fascination with business leaders such as Warren Buffet, Sir Richard Branson or Steve Jobs. Do a Google search for movies on Steve Jobs and the results will include several documentaries and feature films over a twenty year period. Our lives are filled with guidance, suggestions and direction from leaders suchRead Moreleader case study on steve jobs2072 Words   |  9 Pages_CASE STUDY: STEVE JOBS -- APPLE_ Question 1 EXPLAIN HOW EACH OF THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF OUR DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP APPLIES TO STEVE JOBS LEADING APPLE? As defined by Mr. Achua; leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through change. He defined effective leader to be someone who have the five elements of leadership as mentioned in the above figure. Mr. Steve Jobs has been a good example of being an effective leader for Apple. The fiveRead MoreAnalysis of Apple Inc According to Porters Five Forces1426 Words   |  6 Pagesthe identity of its leadership, and particularly to the sweeping changes wrought by the re-emergence of company co-founder Steve Jobs. For its remarkable influence, its exemplary leadership and its constant evolution as a researcher and developer of technological innovations, Apple is an ideal multinational firm for an assessment of internal and external balance. Model: According to the model offered by Porters 5 Forces, we can deduce that internally, visionary CEO Steve Jobs helped poise AppleRead MoreSuccession Plan Risks Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesSuccession Plan Risks HRM 420 Mr. Cardillo January 25, 2016 Quest Diagnostics Succession planning is a strategy for passing each key leadership role within a company to someone else in such a way that the company continues to operate after the  incumbent  leader is no longer in control (Investopedia,  2016). Quest Diagnostics is passionate about developing innovative, ground-breaking tests, products and tools to enhance patient care, provide value to our clients, and transform information

There Have Been Numerous Historical Evidences Shown About

There have been numerous historical evidences shown about the Pre-colonial history of Black kingdoms in Africa. Many historians have concluded that the people that inhabit Pre-colonial Africa were anthropologically Black. However, there has been so much controversy and misconception about the ethnicity of ancient Egyptians by many historians. The controversy is due to many ethnocentric historians and anthropologists attributing the development of the Egyptian civilization to the Caucasian people. Dr. Herbert J. Foster, historian from Staten Island Community College, argues that significant amounts of people inhabiting Egypt were black; they were major contributors to the development of the Egyptian civilization. Dr. Herbert utilizes†¦show more content†¦There were many quotes throughout the article by anthropologists that echoed the sentiment that it was the Hamites who settled and helped develop Egypt. One notable anthropologist that Dr. Herbert wrote about was C. G. Seligm an. Seligman solidified the new Hamitic Hypothesis by praising the success and accomplishments that happened in Africa and Egypt to the â€Å"Caucasian† Hamites. Dr. Herbert then noted that Seligman’s theory, â€Å" still persists in the writings of numerous anthropologists and historians.† Dr. Herbert was able to use evidences from different fields such as anthropology and history to understand the controversy surrounding the Hamitic Hypothesis. Dr. Herbert uses scientific, archeological and historical evidences to argue that the ethnicity of Egyptians was black; and that they were major contributors to the Egyptian civilization. Historical evidence was used to support the argument that there were blacks contributing to the expansion of Egypt. Dr. Herbert quoted an author of African History, Basil Davidson, who argued, â€Å"that the ancient ancestors of present-day Africa were an â€Å"important and perhaps dominant element† among the people who fathered early Egyptian civilization.† Herbert used scientific studies to help support the claim that Davidson made. Dr. Herbert first talked about the study done in 1905 by Randall-McIver and Thompson who surveyed ancient Egyptian skulls. Randall-McIver and ThompsonShow MoreRelatedThe Novel Animal Farm 1362 Words   |  6 Pagesman/self/nature/society). Use details from the novel to support your response. From a broad perspective, numerous conflicts emerge throughout the course of the novel Animal Farm, whether it be Man vs. Man or Man vs. Society. In further elaboration upon this reality, Snowball and Napoleon, two noteworthy pigs, conspicuously disagree on numerous topics-of-interest. Evidence from the text that further bolsters this claim is shown when the author states, â€Å"Napoleon took no interest in Snowball’s committees. He said thatRead MorePersuasive Speech1632 Words   |  7 Pages I am sure that everyone of you have heard about aliens and UFOs. Indeed, we all have heard about the famous case of aliens and UFOs in Roswell, New Mexico. Most people might be interested in the topic of aliens, but I know that the majority of you just think of it as rumours and the existence of them are impossible. Therefore, I am standing here in front all of you to make you change your perspective. I am strongly confident that I have found the evidence of their real existence to convinceRead More Religion1637 Words   |  7 Pagesis to question and scrutinize our religious beliefs. This was shown when Charles Simony, a professor, had said, â€Å"This brilliantly argued, provocative book challenges all of us to examine our beliefs, no matter what beliefs we hold† (Dawkins, 2008). Thus, this book is written for people who want to engage in the contemporary world of religion and science. An acknowledgement made by Seed stated, â€Å"A powerful argument for how to think abou t the place of religion in the modern world. It ‘s going to beRead MorePersuasive Speech1619 Words   |  7 PagesEXISTING! I am sure that everyone of you have heard about aliens and UFOs. Indeed, we all have heard about the famous case of aliens and UFOs in Roswell, New Mexico. Most people might be interested in the topic of aliens, but I know that the majority of you just think of it as rumours and the existence of them are impossible. Therefore, I am standing here in front all of you to make you change your perspective. I am strongly confident that I have found the evidence of their real existence to convinceRead MoreWriting For The World By Mary Pipher Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages All writing comes in many different styles and attracts a certain audience in which it strikes their minds and opens them up to a new world of thinking or looking at things. â€Å"Writing to Connect† by Mary Pipher tells about this concept and elaborates on it greatly to encourage aspiring writers who may be feeling discouraged. Writing to Connect is a chapter in Mary Pipher’s newest book Writing to Change the World, where she discusses the use of powerful writing, changing aspects of the way peopleRead MoreKnowledge Takes the Form of a Combination of Stories and Facts.992 Words   |  4 PagesAny knowledge around us is constructed by stories and facts. At the first glance while considering about the authenticity of the statement on whether the stories or facts are the parts to construct the knowledge, it’s important to get an understanding of the key terms at the beginning by the defining these terms. A fact stands for the theory which had been proved by actua l science research or observations, whereas the story is a narrative which is based on fiction. A fact is usually a statement whichRead MorePrison Corrections, Treatment Programs, Rehabilitation, And The Prevention Of Recidivism861 Words   |  4 Pagesand data-based evidence of effectiveness and suggested treatments and a recommended handling of the subject—but that work is done over time and always with some lag. The shadow behind the animal, if you will. The hope is that the two entities will get closer together in time and this particular cultural relativism, on the ground as it is in theory. Every aspect of the criminal justice process has its reality in the dirt of the moment, and its clean counterpart that is written about, theorized uponRead MoreInformative Speech On Tattoos1286 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneralized categories. Tattoos have fallen in and out of popularity over the course of history, though they have never and most likely will never disappear. II. Specific Purpose and Need to Know: According to Written on the Body by Jane Caplan, Tattooing is one of many forms of irreversible forms of body alteration... and it is probably the oldest and most widespread [of these.] Due to the age of tattooing as a whole, there are countless things one can learn about its history. III. OrganizationalRead MoreIdaho Is Truly Like An Easter Egg Hunt1567 Words   |  7 Pageshunt. A person can wake up in the morning, look out the window, and they have already found the most beautiful egg possible: the sunrise. Only a few hours into the day and countless eggs can be found. 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NCMMOD5CA Free Essays

A beneficial method to use during negotiations is called collaborative principled negotiations.   The idea is for both parties to enter into the collaborative process with the focus on the interest, not positions. Previously, the parties would enter into negotiations with certain positions in mind and the positioned negotiations proved to be long and unsuccessful. We will write a custom essay sample on NCMMOD5CA or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will discuss how trust is used in during principled negotiations and how BATNA makes the negotiations more successful than the previous positioned negotiations. The ideal way to begin negotiations is to create a collaborative team environment and separate the parties from the problem. The way to achieve this is to encourage the people focus on the interest at hand and not their specific positions. Together the parties can brainstorm and create a variety of solutions before making a final decision. The final agreement can be based on objective external standards and both parties can work together, through trust to find the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). â€Å"Integrating trust-building approaches into the collaborative team environment will help position teams and their respective companies for strategic competition in the marketplace† (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 1). Any relationship involves giving a little and taking a little – cooperation, trust, and meeting expectations. Business relationships are no different; they too require trust, cooperation, and having expectations being met by both parties. Macoby says, â€Å"Profitable partnering relationships between companies are cemented by building trust, not by contracts. A relentless assault of trust and respect is a major factor in making alliances work †¦ trust [is] the single most important ingredient in making ventures work. You have to be allied with someone whom you can work through problems. (1997) Life and any business relationship is easier if both parties know that they can trust the partners or other parties to uphold an agreement. Additionally, knowing that the other parties is not just in the relationship for ulterior motives helps keep ethics and honesty at the forefront of the collaborative partnership. On successful and unsuccessful projects, collaborators begin the projects with perceptions regarding their own and their fellow collaborators’ motives and expectations. Collaborative teams on successful projects participate in the shared conditions and processes identified in the research. The result is open and honest communication, collaborating team members getting along, and a trusting environment. The consequence of this is that high levels of trust are built between the collaborators, the project is successful, and consideration is given to continuing the relationship. (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 15) On unsuccessful projects, the processes and conditions for success are present. However, without collaborative sharing of these conditions and processes, understanding of others and open and honest communication does not result, conflict and misunderstanding is normal, and levels of trust are low. Consequently, the projects will likely be unsuccessful, the collaborators will not establish trusting relationships, and new collaborative projects will not result. (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 16) Hartman and Romahn (1999) extensively researched various types of trust described by others. They found that trust falls into the three main categories of emotional trust, competency trust, and ethical trust. If people are aware of how trust affects them, they are better able to build that trust in a relationship. For example, when working on a business relationship and one of the parties knows that the other party does not feel there is a great deal of competency than the first party can work harder to prove competence and help sustain the relationship and build greater trust. Hartman and Romahn developed a model that shows how combinations of these three types of trust influence collaborative levels of trust. This study suggests that â€Å"collaborative sharing† may be instruments through which emotional, competency, and ethical trust are built on collaborative project teams (1999). The whole idea is to give a little and work together. Collaborative project teams are designed because the parties involved can become more and provide more when working together and helping one another through areas of strength and weakness. By working together the final product or service is superior to just party doing it alone. Principled negotiations are all about working together. Using principled negotiations helps the team collaborative effort because the effort is put forth to achieve success in the end rather than immediate gratification for one party or another. Trust is essential and strong foundations are built on trust and once both parties involved in the negotiations knows that the trust is present and unwavering, the ability to contribute more becomes more apparent and negotiations become a very successful result and future negotiations are less of a problem. References Hartman, E, Romahn, E. (1999). Trust: A new tool for project managers. Project Management Institute 1999 Seminars Symposium, Philadelphia, PA: Papers presented October 10 to October 16, 1999 [CD-ROM]. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Herzog, V.L. (2001). Trust building on corporate collaborative project teams. Project Management Journal. Sylva: Mar 2001.Vol.32, Iss. 1; pg. 28, 10 pgs Macoby, M. (1997). Building trust is an art. Research Technology Management, 56-57. 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Teenage love free essay sample

Do teenagers today have their priorities in the correct order when it comes to dating? More and more often, it does not seem they do. Some teenagers these days spend too much time focusing on their romantic relationships instead of the things that should be more important. Teenagers who are in serious relationships do not care as much about school, their families, or their jobs. These teenagers seem to forget everything that should be important to them. School should be a very important priority for teenagers. In high school, teachers try to prepare young people for what lies ahead in life. That includes going off to college and entering the working world. But many teenagers in serious relationships begin putting off doing their homework and studying for tests. Their grades begin to drop, and sooner than they know it, they are failing their classes. Most times when these lovesick teenagers begin failing, they do not care. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some cases the teenagers even drop out. In todays world it is nearly impossible  Ã‚  middle of paper  nship without getting my priorities mixed up. So for the people who say it is impossible to do all of these things, I know from personal experience that it is not. I am not saying that it is wrong to date as a teenager. Just remember what is important. The teenage years are to be used as a time to grow and experience new things, but not at the expense of what is important in life. Just keep a level head and do not get too involved with that significant other right now. It is important to remember what it important in life.

Leadership Theory and Practice via an Account of BPs Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill

Moral Accountability Issues at BP Every organization is expected to be morally accountable in all its operations and activities (Caulfield, 2011; Tittle, 2000). Lack of moral accountability can lead to lawsuits and loss of consumer loyalty. Companies should be responsible in all they do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theory and Practice via an Account of BP’s Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They should ensure that their activities do not cause harm to the people around or to the ecosystem. It is a legal requirement in most countries that companies should be morally accountable (Bergsteiner, 2012; Fisher, 2012). BP is a company that has been accused of accidents that occur mainly due to lack of accountability. The company deals with petroleum products, which are known to be very harmful to both human beings and the environment in general if not handled responsibly. Fro m the perspective of a rig operator, one of the morality issues that seem to be inherent at BP is the failure to follow the right procedures in making the rig machinery. Secondly, the maintenance of the machinery is not done in the right way. Despite the aging machinery, no one seems to care . For instance, in the year 2004 the company did not pay attention to the concerns raised by its workers regarding safety and environment. Instead, managers opted to save on maintenance costs through a practice referred to as â€Å"run to failure.† The aging equipment was left to continue running with little or no maintenance. This led to spills in the year 2006 of over 200000 gallons. It was the largest spill that ever happened in Alaska’s North Slope.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the year 2006, BP failed to follow the correct procedure in the manufacture of the rig machinery. Before the completion of the machine, there had to be final drawing designs that are called the â€Å"as-built† drawings. These drawings are very important since they ensure that the machinery being made is ready for use and ensures the safety of people. When Kenneth Abbott was hired as the project control leader, he advocated for the completion of â€Å"as- built† documents since they were essential for a standard machinery. The BP engineers strongly opposed this idea and supported the making of this machinery without the forms. It is understood that they did this in order to save on cost. The impact of these issues to the rig operator is that his life is left at risk since the machinery can explode any time. The people around him, as well as the ecology around the area of operation are also exposed to risk. From the perspective of a UK based retiree with a major income stream from BP shares, following shortcuts would be beneficial in that the earnings woul d increase. However, the machinery manufactured is not standard. The machinery is likely to explode at some time. Their major concern is the loss they might incur if the machinery exploded and/or the spill occurred. The default machinery would also lead to poor perception of the company by employees, both current and potential employees. The implication would be high turnover of employees who would fear for their safety. Potential employees would be reluctant to join the company. The retiree shareholders would be concerned since the productivity of the firm relies largely on the employees and their morale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theory and Practice via an Account of BP’s Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leadership issues Leadership is essential for the success of any organization (Northouse, 2010). The issues that have been affecting BP can be associated to poo r leadership of the company. There are a number of leadership issues that are notable in the company. First, the managers of BP harass or intimidate employees so that they do not report the negative things that happen within the company. The employees are concerned about their safety since the equipment is not safe to work with. However, the leaders intimidate them and the problems result in big losses through spills and explosives. Leaders avoid these problems from being reported since they do not want to spend a lot of money on repairs and maintenance costs. This indicates conflicting interests between managers and employees. While employees want the aging equipment well maintained, the managers, on the other hand, do not want to maintain it since they want to reduce costs. The other leadership issue that needs to be addressed is about promotion of managers. Promotion should be done on merit (Gill, 2010). A manager or any other employee should be promoted depending on his or her p erformance. At BP, senior managers are never held accountable for failures. They are, instead, offered promotions despite their poor performance. This is a leadership issue that is likely to affect the organization negatively in the long run. This is a policy that needs to be amended. If managers are promoted without any merit, in the future the company will be headed by managers who do not have the ability to propel it forward. These managers will cause poor performance and probably failure of the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to note that promotion of managers without merit might demotivate employees who have the interest of the organization at heart (Winkler, 2010). Such employees will feel that they are being overlooked despite their efforts. Such employees are likely to leave the organization or their productivity is likely to go down. Leadership theories The practices of managers in BP can be changed if the organization adopts the right leadership theories. The theories or the policies that are applied in the organization today are not effective, or they have insignificant effect if any since the organization seems to be going the wrong way in terms morality issues (Meindl and Schyns, 2005). Global policies today advocate for a clean environment, but BP is not in line with the global policies as the case displays. One of the leadership theories that can be applied in BP management is the contingency theory. Under this theory, the managers of BP would have the responsibility to determi ne the leadership style to be applied in various situations. Situations are bound to change since the world is full of uncertainties. The success of an organization is dependent on a number of variables (Banner and Blasingame, 1988). One of the variables is the leadership style that should be used. For instance, the leaders of the organization ought to have applied the autocratic leadership style in the situation where the machinery had to be designed only after the ‘as- built’ documents had been completed. The leaders should have stood firm and ensure the making of the machinery does not proceed until the documents are completed. The documents ensure that the machinery is of high quality, and that it can be safe for use by anyone. The compromising behaviour of the managers could be as a result of pressure from shareholders who want costs to be reduced so that their earnings can increase. Managers should be bold and not compromise since the machinery could be risky to t he employees and to the environment. Their decision making in such a situation needs to be centralized. The other theory that should be used by the BP managers is the situational theory. This theory is not very much different from the contingency theory. Under situational theory, a leader or a manager should take the best action that can address the situation he or she is faced with. This means that the decisions the leader makes in various situations could be based on various leadership styles, depending on the situation at hand. Some situations need decentralized decision making, while others need centralized decision making (Schyns, 2006). In the former, the leader can apply the democratic leadership style, while in the later the authoritative leadership style is applicable. BP managers are faced with a number of situations that lead to accidents and losses. One of the most notable situations is the Gulf Spill, where gallons of oil spilled off. The spills were as a result of poor maintenance and poor management. BP managers need to be authoritative in such a situation, but they should have the best interest of the organization at heart. The decisions they make should be favourable to the well- being of the organization, as well as its employees and the environs. Decision making is one of the most sensitive activities in an organization (Schyns, 2006). Managers are trusted with decision making since they are knowledgeable and have experience in decision making. Decision making at BP is more sensitive since the company deals with products that could be risky to human beings, as well as the environment. The machineries used in the industry are subject to breakdown and they can cause much damage if they do not function properly. In such situations managers need to apply the best leadership styles to ensure that the machinery is corrected and functioning properly. In replacing those machines that have faced out or are becoming obsolete, democratic leadership sty le could be effective. Leaders could meet with all the stakeholders and decide on the best machine to make or buy. BP senior managers need to adopt the participative theory of leadership. This is the leadership style whereby the input of the rest of the organizational members is put into consideration. All the members of the organization are included in decision making and other activities within the organization. At BP, managers get promotion even if their performance is poor. The employees are always ignored and usually threatened if they raise concerns about their safety and environmental issues. This kills the morale of employees, and their productivity is negatively affected. Participative leadership will always motivate employees. Employees feel they are part of the organization and they report any problem before it occurs (Dion, 2012). This keeps the mangers on alert such that they take the necessary actions before the problem occurs. If participative leadership was applied i n BP by the senior managers, the Gulf Spills could not have occurred. The employees had already raised concerns about their safety and the environment, but the managers chose to ignore the employees and even intimidated them. As a result, the management could not prevent the spills since they failed to pay attention to employees’ concerns. In participative leadership, employees are considered as important people who can make positive contributions in the organization (Mann, 2011). Finally, management theory of leadership could be very influential and effective at BP Company. The theory is also referred to as the transactional theory (Mann, 2011). Its focus is mainly on supervision, as well as on the group’s performance. As it is displayed in the case, there is poor supervision in the activities being conducted. This is displayed in the making of rig machinery. The machinery was made without the completion of ‘as- built’ documents. Proper supervision of a p roject ensures that all the relevant and significant procedures have been followed in the manufacturing process. It ensures that quality products have been produced. Proper supervision was not conducted, thus the machine produced was of poor quality and it ended up with an explosion. Under management theories, reward systems as well as punishments are embraced. This lacks in BP Company. The managers ignore important issues that end up with serious accidents, but they always get away with it (Dion, 2012). The managers are never punished for their negligence. To make the matters worse, the managers who ruin the company are promoted contrary to expectations. This encourages them to go ahead with their dismal actions and performances. There are employees who have always raised concerns about the aging equipment and the threat it poses, yet they are always ignored. Under managerial theory, such employees could be appreciated and rewarded so that in future they would talk of a problem the y perceive in the organization. This would be effective in preventing future accidents in the organization. BP managers should adopt the above named theories since they would be very effective in salvaging the situation that is currently in the organization. List of References Banner, DK Blasingame, JW 1988 ‘Towards a developmental paradigm of leadership’, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 7 – 16 Bergsteiner, H 2012 Accountability theory meets accountability practice, Emerald, Bingley Caulfield, H 2011 Vital notes for nurses, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ Dion, M 2012 ‘Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership? Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 4 – 24 Fisher, K 2012 Moral accountability and international criminal law: Holding agents of atrocity accountable to the world, Routledge, London Gill, R 2010 Theory and practice of leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd, London Mann, S 2011 ‘Leadership: A very short introduction’, Leadership Organization Development Journal, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 529 – 529 Meindl, JR Schyns, B 2005 Implicit leadership theories: Essays and explorations, Information Age Publishers, Greenwich, CT Northouse, PG 2010 Leadership: Theory and practice, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA Schyns, B 2006 ‘The role of implicit leadership theories in the performance appraisals and promotion recommendations of leaders’, Equal Opportunities International, vol. 25 no. 3, pp.188 – 199 Tittle, P 2000 Ethical issues in business: Inquiries, cases, and readings, Broadview Press, Peterborough Winkler, I 2010 Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity and dynamic of leadership, Physica-Verlag, Berlin This essay on Leadership Theory and Practice via an Account of BP’s Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill was written and submitted by user Jaelynn W. to help you with your own studies. 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Study Case Essay

Study Case Essay Study Case Essay Son V. Kim, Study Case Anna Smith Regulation Kaplan University Prepared for Paul S. Franklin, EJP CPA August 12, 2014 This case study involves two persons: Stephen Son and Jinsoo Kim, and the subject of the case to determine if Kim, plaintiff, should be granted reimbursement of losses promised by Son. Jinsoo Kim, investor, invested $170,000 into one of the Stephen Son’s corporations. However, Son’s corporations did not sustain competition and failed. Later, the two accidently met at the restaurant. Feeling guilty, after consuming abundant amount of alcohol, Son promised to repay the debt. To support the words, Son gave Kim a promise written in blood. Kim accepted the document in exchange for promise not to sue Son for received damages. However, later on, then the Son sobered up, he refused to honor the promise. Kim filed a suit trying to reinforce the contract (Beatty, Samuelson, Bredeson, 2013, p. 164). To try to figure out who was right in this situation, I want to identify a law that should be used to support the argument: Common Law or UCC. To be able to make a choice, let’s give the laws definitions; and look at the differences between them. Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) finds application in deeds associated with commerce, and deals with transactions of personal property. It is used in sales and leases, bunking and transactions with use of negotiable instruments, bank deposits and transfers, bulk transactions, title transfers, operations with real estate (Application of the UCC p.5). Common law is adopted by most of the states, excluding Louisiana, and deals with real estate, service, insurance intangible assets and employment contracts. The laws are similar, but have differences. The differences are as followed: 1. In the Common Law, mirror effect and counter offer would be considered as a rejection of the existed offer. It does not necessarily happen in UCC. When counter offer is made it does not lead to cancellation of the contract; 2. In UCC the main focus is quantity, whereas in Common Law, the main terms are: quantity, price, performance time, nature of work and identity of offer; 3. When the Common Law does not allow revoking of the option contracts, the offers made by a firm is irrevocable if the deal is made in writing in UCC; 4. Different time frame in Statute of Limitation: it is four to six years in Common Law; and just four years in UCC (Pabhat, 2010, p.9). So, after reviewing the two laws, I would refer this case to properties of UCC. However, to tell exactly if Kim can hope for remedy of the losses, we also need to see if the consideration was made while communicating with the defendant. Consideration means that if you want to get something you have to give something back. It has to be something of value, not necessarily the same value, but valuable to the person at the moment; and an object of value requested by promisor. In this case the consideration is lawful, unless: It is illegal; It is fraudulent; It involves or implies injury of another person; It is immoral, or against public safety (CSJune89, 2009). Contract can also be voidable if on the moment of entering the contract the person was intoxicated. In this case the fact can be proven. It does not happen often that the dispute is settled in favor of intoxicated person because it is not easy to prove that on the moment of creating the contract the person was too

Music - the ministrel show Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Music - the ministrel show - Assignment Example The passage relates to the topic of impact of stereotypes in the society and creates a deep message for the white Americans that discriminated the black people slave trade era. From the passage one learns that the minstrel shows and the entire music industry could be instrumental in delivering messages not deeply received through other forms. The passage raises questions about the efforts of the Americans in combating the injustices towards the black Americans. More information would be necessary to show the aftermath of the minstrel performances on the welfare of the African-Americans. â€Å"Early minstrelsy was not only about race, but also class and region; it was as much anti-Southern as it was anti-black. There were also black minstrel troupes, comprised largely of African-American men (Brooker and Clayton Minstrel Show, Thomas Dilward, William Henry Lane, Callendars Minstrels, and Blackbirds) imitating poor and uneducated African-Americans from the south† (OTRCAT.com 4). This passage was chosen because it shows the diverse impacts of the minstrel shows on the society that goes beyond undermining the African cultures. The shows were mainly intended to humiliate the African Americans but in contrast it affected the entire southern society. The passage relates to the topic of development of the stereotypes due to the minstrel show and impacts to the entertainment industry as well as the society. Through the passage, one learns about the emergence of stereotypes imitating uneducated Black Americans that shows influence in the entertainment industry. It also shows some superior capabilities/ talents for of the black southerners. It raises question based on the educational status of Africans and more information would be needed on the educational developments for southerners due to the performances of the

How does the history of India's textile industries reflect the growth Term Paper

How does the history of India's textile industries reflect the growth and decline of colonialism - Term Paper Example This has also comprised of a significant component of trade in Portugal.1 Traditionally, the textile industry in India is the only industry that generated huge employment in the country after agriculture. Textile industry is the second largest income and employment generating sector in India. Textile industry occupies a special position in India, and accounts for over 14 percent of total production. This approximates to 30 percent total exports. The industry provides one of the basic needs in the country, hence enhance maintenance of sustainable growth and improve the quality of life. The industry holds a unique position as a self reliant industry, ranging from raw material production to delivery of finished products, accompanied by the addition of value at every stage. This paper evaluates how the textile industry in India reflects the growth and decline of colonialism.1 History of Textile Industry India’s textile industry remains remarkable worldwide for production and suppl y of textile goods. The industry was virtually decayed during the colonial period. Nevertheless, the modern textile industry dates back at the beginning of 19th century after the establishment of the first textile mill in Calcutta in 1818. The textile industry, however, made a real beginning in 1850s in Bombay, with the first textile mill established in 1854 by the Parsi cotton merchant who engaged in internal and overseas trade afterwards. Indeed, vast majority of early mills were by handiwork merchants who engaged in the cloth trade in markets at home and in African2 markets. The cotton mill in Ahmedabad was established in 1871 and emerged as a rival centre to the one in Bombay. The Gujarati trading class facilitated the development of the cotton mills at Ahmedabad. The industry has since then expanded rapidly, especially during the second half of 19th century that saw the establishment of 178 cotton mills. However, in 1900, the textile industry was in a very bad state due to incr eased due to famine leading to mot mills in Bombay and Ahmedabad closed for long periods. By 1945, the mills had employed more than 5.10 lahk workers. The industry is described as Swadesh as it was developed from the indigenous entrepreneurship as well as capital in the pre-independence era when the Swedish movement stimulated the demand for the Indian textile. The country’s partition during independence affected the textile industry when the Indian union gotten 409 out of available 423 mills in undivided India. This saw 14 mills and 22 percent of the land going to Pakistan. Also, some mills were closed down making most Indian mills import their cotton from Pakistan and other countries after independence. After independence, the country made more rapid strides under the plans. This saw doubling of the spindles from 11 to 22 million between 1951 and 1982. This further increased during 1989-90. The colonialists used textile industry for their own personal gain where they exploi ted the weavers and created a cultural hotch-potch. This affected native cultures where the indigenous production moulds and design patterns underwent major modifications at the onslaught of the alien culture. This sometimes encouraged virtual extinction of some valuable native crafts. The colonial history of the textile industry in India can be split into two phases; 17th and 18th centuries. During this period, Indian muslins and calicoes enhanced commerce in the European East India Companies. The second phase of

Why Do We Need Environmental Engineering Topic LOVE CANAL TRAGEDY Case Study

Why Do We Need Environmental Engineering Topic LOVE CANAL TRAGEDY - Case Study Example This led to protests, intervention by the government and multiple lawsuits in pursuit of the compensation for the affected residents. Most of them moved, the infrastructure brought down and the Love Canal crossed for revitalization processes by the Environmental Protection Agency. William T Love is the impresario behind the famous Love Canal as indicated by his last name (Johnson 1). Significantly, the core purpose of the canal was to connect the separations of the Niagara River that had Niagara Falls parting them. Moreover, the canal’s construction would be in a way that residents of the Niagara area would also source electrical power from it; typically, this was a prevalent idea for environmental conservation and community development. Unfortunately, William’s plan faced multiple challenges during the 1892 economic downfall leading to the plan’s ultimate failure; however, this was after he had dug a large percentage of the proposed area. Nonetheless, there was not much that he could do leading to its sale in auction over 25yrs later. Shockingly, the Love Canal served the wrong purposes after its sale. Firstly, the purchasers used it as a chemical disposal site and later on, the United States Army joined the party by using it for warfare experiments that entailed chemical weapons. In the late 1940s, a company (Hooker Corporation) that dealt with chemicals and plastics acquired the Love Canal for the private practices (Phillips 313). Conversely, the company also concealed multiple tons of toxic surpluses in the Love Canal for a period of over 5 years filling it, after which they used land material to cover the chemicals. Niagara City bought the canal to counter its over-population problem from Hooker Corporation that was keen to caveat relative to previous dealings of the land. After purchasing the Love Canal, the city set up infrastructure in form of

Book Review The Communist Manifesto Sociology Essay

Book Review The Communist Manifesto Sociology Essay The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. Whether or not the publication was planned to coincide with the first revolutions in France we can only surmise. However what we do know is that both Marx and Engels were commissioned to compile the Communist Party Manifesto at the Second Congress of the Communist League which met between November and December 1847. The Manifesto is split into four sections but the overall aim of the book is an attempt to explain the ideologies and goals of the Communist party. Marx and Engels argue that it is the history of class struggles  [1]  that are the driving force of history. Marx claims that relationships between classes are dependant upon that periods channel of production. He also argues that once these relationships are no longer well-suited a revolution happens and a new ruling class take power. This is Marxs explanation for the move from feudalism to capitalism at the hands of the bourgeoisie (middle classes). This is also how Marx views the progression from capitalism to socialism and from socialism to communism. Marx and Engels believe that Communism is inevitable, that eventually the proletariat (working class) will seize power straight from the hands of the bourgeoisie. The first section of the manifesto is based on the Communists theories of history and of the relationship between the bourgeois and the proletariat in a capitalist society. Marx informs the reader of class struggles that have dominated history, how classes are either oppressor or oppressed. Marx states that as a result of the move from the complicated feudal system to the capitalist system hostilities between classes have simplified to the point where there are no only two classes in direct opposition; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The manifesto pinpoints the fact that because of the demands of society and the rise of modern industry the modern bourgeois have became the ruling class by doing away with the old feudal system and allowing people to become more self-interested. Despite this new self-interest Marx argues that the modern bourgeois has done away with the traditional family values and instead turned each family member into a commodity, someone to go out and earn a wag e. He states that this new bourgeois society has resolved personal worth into exchange value. This new capitalist society, Marx states, leaves one man dependant on another in a way they had never been previously; it has created a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital. Thus we have a society based on production and demand. However this society will not always see the relevant demand for the products they produce so those who rely on industry to supply wages in order for them to have a roof over their heads and food in their bellies, are expendable, they will be used, and be able to afford to live, only so long as the bourgeoisie need their skills. Section two then goes on to discuss the relationship between the Communists and the proletarians. Marx is keen to point out that the Communists do not see other working class parties as opposition rather they wish to help these other parties in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement. Marx addresses the question on the abolition of property directly and clearly states that it is not the aim of the communists to abolish all property but to abolish private property, that property owned by the bourgeois. He points out that property only belongs to one tenth of society as the other nine tenths cannot afford such luxury as owning their own properties. Upon addressing this he also claims that as a result of this, and many other defining features, Capital, is therefore not a personal, it is a social power. Upon defining the role of the proletariat in society Marx states that the Communist party wish to do away with the miserable characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.under which the labourer lives merely to increase capital, and is allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the ruling class requires it. The third section of the Manifesto outlines and evaluates the three divisions of Communist writings. These are; reactionary socialism, conservative socialism and critical-utopian socialism and communism. Marx argues that each of these divisions fail because each of the fail to realise critical communist values. The reactionaries and the conservatives fail to take note of the fact that the bourgeoisie will eventually fall at the hands of the proletariat whereas the utopians fail to realize that social change is essential; there is no perfect world where communism is king without this change. The fourth and final section of the manifesto confronts the Communist partys feelings towards the opposing parties that exist in society. The communists final and foremost aim is the proletarian revolution and they strive for this constantly and consistently even if it means working with other opposition parties in order to achieve this. Marx and other communists believe that history goes through stages of social change and that by arming the proletariat in one particular stage (capitalism) it will ensure the overthrow of the bourgeoisie at the hands of the proletariat thus reigning in a new era of socialism and eventually communism. All in all The Communist Manifesto is extremely clear

Turkish Free Zones :: essays research papers

TURKISH FREE ZONES Free Zones are defined as special sites within the country but deemed to be outside of the customs border and they are the regions where the valid regulations related to foreign trade and other financial and economic areas are not applicable, are partly applicable or new regulations are tested in. Free Zones are also the regions where more convenient business climate is offered in order to increase trade volume and export for some industrial and commercial activities as compared to the other parts of country. With the objective of increasing export-oriented investment and production in Turkey, accelerating the entry of foreign capital and technology, procuring the inputs of the economy in an economic and orderly fashion and increasing the utilization of external finance and trade possibilities, Free Zones Law numbered 3218 was issued in 1985. Since then, - Mersin (1987) - Antalya (1987) - Aegean (1990) - à stanbul Atatà ¼rk Airport (1990) - Trabzon (1992) - à stanbul-Leather (1995) - Eastern Anatolia (1995) - Mardin (1995) - ISE à stanbul International Stock Exchange (1997) - à zmir Menemen-Leather (1998) - Rize (1998) - Samsun (1998) - à stanbul Thrace (ÇATALCA)(1998) - Kayseri (1998) Free Zones became operational. In general all kind of activities can be performed in Turkish Free Zones such as manufacturing, storing, packing, general trading, banking and insurance. Investors are free to construct their own premises, while zones have also available office spaces, workshops, or warehouses on rental basis with attractive terms. All field of activities open to Turkish private sector are also open to joint-venture of foreign companies. INCENTIVES OFFERED IN TURKISH FREE ZONES Turkish Free Zones are tax free zones. Income generated through activities in the Zones are exempted from all kinds of taxes including income, corporate and value-added tax. The validity period of an operation licence is maximum 10 years for tenant users, and 20 years for users who wish to make their own offices in the zone; If the operating licence is for production, these terms are 15 and 30 years for tenant users and investors, respectively. The requested operation licence period can be prolonged to 99 years according to the type of investment. Free Zones earnings and revenues can be transferred to any country, including Turkey, freely without any prior permission and are not subject to any kind of taxes, duties and fees. There is no limitation on the proportion of foreign capital participation in investment within the Free Zones. In contrary to most Free Zones of the world, sales into the domestic market are allowed in Turkish Free Zones.

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People over the Past Century

Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal people over the past Century The rights and freedoms of Aboriginal Australians have changed tremendously over the past decade. The treatment given to the indigenous population of Australia has been an aggravating issue, ever since the white settlement in Australia. As a matter of protection, the Australian governments have implemented, rules, and policies such as, ‘the policy of protection’, assimilation, integration, paternalism, and self-determination, gradually taking away, and disempowering the Aboriginals, and their rights, and freedoms.Paternalism greatly affected individual Aboriginals. During the years of 1901 to 1914, many states and governments maintained similar attitudes and perspectives of the indigenous Australians. Predominantly, this perspective/attitude was based on the belief , that the Aboriginal population, were savages, uncivilised, and were regarded as much inferior or hold less mental capacity to determine what is best for them. This lead to paternalism. Paternalism is the meaning for ‘Fatherly’.This attitude led governments to take control over the Aboriginals, who are depicted to be unable to act for themselves. This act forced aboriginal people out of their traditional lands, the white Australians considered the need for agriculture land is much important for them rather than the Aboriginals. By extracting the Aboriginals from their lands and placing them on reserves, and providing them with adequate supplies of food, and other supplies, was thought as humane. The policy of Assimilation changed the freedom and rights of individual Aboriginal Australian.This policy fostered aboriginal people to change their, way of life, and adapt to the culture of ‘white people' the individual aboriginals were expected to absorb and adapt to the white culture. This policy was depicted to be ‘good’ for the indigenous population. The policy of Assimilation was difficult to enf orce, as aboriginal people retaliated, and fought for the rights, and for the preservation of their culture and identity. This lead to the ‘Stolen-generation’ which involved the forceful removal of aboriginal children from their lands, and family. The children were then dispatched into institutions, or were adopted by white families.As a result the policy of Assimilation continued. The policy of protection was linked to the act of paternalism, which had two intentions that is to preserve and protect the aboriginals, and to educate the existing population, on western culture. From the intention of protecting the indigenous population, the aboriginals faced racism, discrimination, and the deterioration of their way of life. For example under the policy aboriginals could be moved onto reserves at any time, they required permission from the government to marry a white person, they could not vote.During the past century, Aboriginal people were forced to accept protectionism. Practicing and following their culture and way of life was strictly prohibited, therefore this policy had a great negative impact upon the aboriginals. For many decades, The Aboriginal organisations have made amendments for the removal of discriminatory references to aboriginal people individuals in Australia. The federal council for the aboriginals launched a campaign for a referendum. These campaigns were established in all states of Australia. In 1967 (45years ago) a referendum was held.During the referendum, one of the two questions asked was whether the derogatory statements and references to aboriginal people should be removed. The referendum has regularly been seen as providing full citizenship to aboriginals. The referendum and the constitutional changes were not quickly enforced however, over time this referendum changed the lives of aboriginals and their participation to the nation. This referendum changed the lives of aboriginal Australians as they are able to participat e in mainstream events, and were able to sustain their way of life, and gained freedom.The rights and freedoms of the indigenous people continued to change as the policy of assimilation was changed into integration. Aboriginal people fought for the individual rights to participate and engage in activities in the mainstream society. Integration allowed aboriginal individuals, for the first time to, keep their way of life, culture, and customs. They were able to make personal decisions on how their life was meant to be. At the year 1965, the commonwealth conference on the aboriginal policy, changed the policy of assimilation to integration.Self-Determination is the fundamental right for a nation or a specific group of people to regulate all aspects of their lives such as, culture. This policy involved the indigenous people, to have complete right to navigate their basic needs and collective wants. This includes secure and private ownership of land, local community control of land, loc al community control of services, and community affairs. For Aboriginal communities, the ownership of a segment of land is vital approach for the achievement of self-determination.Self-determination is linked to many issues, such as the return of human remains and sacred material by museums, the recognition of customary law, access to culture and appropriate education, and culturally of appropriate housing communities. The establishment of Aboriginal owned organisations is an important step towards self-determination. In conclusion, it is evident that the Australian government practiced policies which restricted and controlled the rights and freedoms of the Aboriginal people.From the 1900’s, Policies such as, the policy of protection’, and, assimilation, had negative impact to the aboriginal way of life, and culture. However over the 1960’s policies such as, Integration, self-determination, and the constitutional referendum have brought aboriginals freedom, and rights. They are able to participate in mainstream events, regardless of their race, and were able to practice their way of live, and were able to preserve their cultural heritage. [email  protected] com By: Gokul (10W)

Free Essays on Digital TV

Introduction: Broadcasting, the transmission of information by radio or television, is a major factor affecting the television industry today. Broadcasting is currently achieved through analogue, a system that has existed since television began in the 1940’s and 50’s. "Analogue converts sound and pictures into waves, which are then transmitted through the air and picked up by our rooftops or indoor aerials." But, because of rapid technological advances in the modern era, analogue will soon be obsolete, and is presently in the process of being replaced by digital broadcasting, the new form of broadcasting that "turns pictures and sound into computer language, which changes one’s television into a form of computer, so that it can connect to the Internet, take interactive programs, and carry many more channels," all of which cannot be accomplished through analogue. As modern technology grows, the television industry is introduced to major issues, such as low consumer confidence, a! nalogue switch-off difficulties, and the lack of technical skills. And unless these problems are resolved soon, they will lead to the collapse of the television industry. Lack of skills: Concerns associated with employee technical skills is becoming very common in the digital TV industry. The industry fears that its employees may lack the advanced technical knowledge required for the future. Its major concern right now is to find the right people with the right skills to effectively implement future strategies. Digital TV companies must become much more competent, innovative and creative, which means that its employees must be willing to develop themselves and their company in order to sustain the industry. As many are aware, IT skills will be very essential to the well-being of the industry. Because a number of shoppers today are already purchasing products online – and Internet access via digital TV exists, advanced IT ... Free Essays on Digital TV Free Essays on Digital TV Introduction: Broadcasting, the transmission of information by radio or television, is a major factor affecting the television industry today. Broadcasting is currently achieved through analogue, a system that has existed since television began in the 1940’s and 50’s. "Analogue converts sound and pictures into waves, which are then transmitted through the air and picked up by our rooftops or indoor aerials." But, because of rapid technological advances in the modern era, analogue will soon be obsolete, and is presently in the process of being replaced by digital broadcasting, the new form of broadcasting that "turns pictures and sound into computer language, which changes one’s television into a form of computer, so that it can connect to the Internet, take interactive programs, and carry many more channels," all of which cannot be accomplished through analogue. As modern technology grows, the television industry is introduced to major issues, such as low consumer confidence, a! nalogue switch-off difficulties, and the lack of technical skills. And unless these problems are resolved soon, they will lead to the collapse of the television industry. Lack of skills: Concerns associated with employee technical skills is becoming very common in the digital TV industry. The industry fears that its employees may lack the advanced technical knowledge required for the future. Its major concern right now is to find the right people with the right skills to effectively implement future strategies. Digital TV companies must become much more competent, innovative and creative, which means that its employees must be willing to develop themselves and their company in order to sustain the industry. As many are aware, IT skills will be very essential to the well-being of the industry. Because a number of shoppers today are already purchasing products online – and Internet access via digital TV exists, advanced IT ...

Grown ups Essays - English-language Films, American Comedy Films

Grown ups Essays - English-language Films, American Comedy Films Grown ups Grown Ups When maturity is suspended Five former schoolmates gather many years later to discover that some really have not matured and still behave like children. Starring Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Rob Schneider and Salma Hayek. Full of very funny scenes, Grown Ups premieres June 25. A handful of big kids Prelude: five little friends play basketball and their rivals ... perhaps unintentionally cheating. Coach's harangue, the celebrated and gives them advice when they grow up. Thirty years later, the coach's death brings them together, but not all seem to have matured. The characteristics of each, defined as children, are now displayed clearly defined. Lenny Feder (Adam Sandler, always badly dressed or lanky) has two kids addicted to video games and desperately trying in vain to make his image and likeness. It also recalls that the nurse study. What saves his wife, Roxanne Chase-Feder (presented as Pinault Salma Hayek), a fashion designer who must leave for Milan when they have to go to the funeral. Chris Rock is Kurt McKenzie, master of the house learning to cook, married to the worker Deanne (Maya Rudolph), with two children and a mother screaming and flatulent. Eric Lamonsoff Kevin James is, of course successful entrepreneur, married to Sally (Maria Bello), who is still nursing her son four years. Marcus Higgins David Spade is the most immature of the group, still drunk and out with girls much younger than he. The last to arrive at the funeral is Rob Hilliard (Rob Schneider). From childhood he liked older women and is now married with one that could be his mother, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten) and has three grown daughters, two of them attractive enough for Marcus. To top it off, Rob is half hippie and has a ridiculous toupee. It is certainly the most original of the five. We were fortunate to interview at Univision.com. "They're friends who reunite 25 years later with the same problems," Rob describes the argument. "But now they have families and are dealing with things. Some are successful, others less so, but they are united. It's interesting because sometimes people do not really change. I like that idea. For Adam Sandler and I is a more mature film . I think it's sweet, and Salma Hayek is fine. It is very good comedian, he had never seen a funny movie. It is very good and enjoyed it, liked the challenge. I think I was a little unsure, but he had our trust . A beautiful woman, we saw every morning and it was incredible. " Five great comedians share a role in this film. Was there a clash of egos? Rob: I do not think we had too much conflict, but with five guys trying to be funny at the same time, sometimes I think it was more calm aggression. Because one expects all jump, but all fell back to see what happened. David Spade was the one who got all of us feel comfortable and laugh. Adam had the pressure to ensure that the film work, but David was relaxed and he's probably more fun. His character is the lighter, a guy who at 40 still goes out with girls, 19. In the movie wants to date my daughter, which bothers me a lot. I think it's a very special film. It's weird because we're friends and friends. I was not sure if it would work, but people who saw the movie enjoyed it a lot. I think that works. It made me laugh and that's it, no matter how ridiculous they can be situations. If a comedy makes you laugh, has served its purpose. Written by Adam Sandler and Fred Wolf and directed by Dennis Dugan, is rated PG-13.

Charles Martin in Uganda Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Charles Martin in Uganda - Case Study Example Or is it more appropriate to appoint another person in his place? We analyze the case and recommend that Green should retain Martin because of his knowledge of the local business conditions. He has developed a good network with key people in the Government. Besides he would be able to induct any new entrants who may be deputed by HG into the Ugandan project. However, we need to issue a cautionary note to Martin. He should be immediately asked to refrain from all unethical practices and he needs to report any unfair demands directly to Green so that the issues can be tackled with due regard to the cultural sensitivity. Additionally, Martin needs to develop the role of a functional manager who can cross fertilize ideas and transplant best practices from the host nation to the local country. Introduction The case discusses the cultural issues that Hydro Generation (HG) has faced in Uganda and the decision point faced by the vice-president Green. Martin as the liaison officer for HG has proved to be extremely capable and has completed all the tasks on time. At this juncture, Green ponders over some of the methods adopted by Martin. While some of them seem to go against the stronger views held by American companies, some of the approaches seem to be completely unethical and unfair. Under these circumstances, Green needs to decide on the next crucial phase of the project: should he continue to retain Martin as the chief liaison officer overseeing the entire project? Case Analysis Question 1 has to do with an understanding of cultural aspects of doing business in Uganda. We have insights from the case here. Uganda has largely been a developing nation thus far with the progress not percolating down to the lower strata of society. It has not had a stable government though Multinational companies and their operations are well encouraged. Some of the cultural aspects points to a backward, superstitious nature wherein tribal sacrifices and soothsayers seem to hold sway ove r cold logic and reasoning. Culture could be defined as a system of knowledge and standards adopted for perceiving, believing, evaluating and acting (Allaire & Firsirotu, 1984). Culture is a system of socially transmitted patterns of behavior that helps people relate to their environment. It develops gradually over time and is often influenced by social and economic progress also. A simpler definition has been put forward by Hofstede (1984) who described it as a collective programming of the mind that helps distinguish one category of people from another. From the case, we also observe certain patterns of Ugandan society. They tend to favor nepotism and are largely driven by a commitment to their family and kin. A stronger bonding and accountability towards the social circle seems to take precedence over business commitments. Both attributes could affect the operations of a multinational company interested in doing business in Uganda. Firstly, superstitious beliefs could hamper usua l logical decisions that rely on business judgment and analytical outcomes. Obviously, multinational companies would be driven by logic and rationale. They would be offended if superstitious beliefs posed hurdles to business commitments and operations. Martin has however tried to blend in with the locals by adopting their cultural practices and participating in their rituals. This makes a strong point in his favor for he has understood the cultural diversity and sensitivity (Trompenaars,

Evidence based practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Evidence based practice - Essay Example A careful review of the available literature exposes some of the difficulties discovered in finding an answer to this question. Intake of omega n-3 (VLCn3 PUFAs) could be associated to construction and functional development of cognitive, sensory, perceptual, and motor neural systems. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega n-3, is crucial for the growth and functional development of the brain in infants. DHA is also required for preservation of the normal brain function in adults. The addition of rich DHA in the diet can improve the individual’s learning capability, while insufficient DHA is linked with insufficiency in learning. DHA is drawn into the brain in preference to other fatty acids and the speed at which DHA is assimilated in the brain is exceptionally fast, therefore requiring constant replenishment. In addition, the visual perception of healthy, full-term, formula-fed infants is amplified when their formula contains DHA. Throughout the last 50 years, infants have been given formula diets that are deficient in DHA and other omega-3 fatty acids. DHA deficiencies are associated with foetal alco hol syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, unipolar depression, aggressive hostility, and adrenoleukodystrophy. Low levels of DHA in the brain are connected with cognitive decline during aging and with onset of sporadic Alzheimer disease (Martinez 1996). Reports have been generated over the last few years, regarding supplements of omega n-3 fish oil, and the effects that it may have on children of school age to improve their behaviour, mental capacity and studying performance amid concerns of poor diet amongst the younger generation (Poulter, 2006). This subject has evoked a lot of interest in the media from ministers to health care professionals, parents and school authorities (Poulter 2006). The vast amount of research by the scientific community is still argumentative as to whether chemical pollution

Global Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Branding - Assignment Example And no other company carries that laurel except our company - Coca-Cola Company. It is in this spirit that I am asking your office to allow me to attend the said conference. For it will not only be a proper venue to allow other companies to learn from what we have gained in our vast experiences as the number one manufacturer of carbonated beverages in the world today. But, that it is a moment also our company to re-learn many things from the experiences of other companies as they embark in global market. This is very important since it is in fact considered as one of the fundamental benefits that the global world is gaining from the global market, global economy - it is the exchange of ideas among and between nations. It is the possibility of getting hold of the newest and most innovative ideas and concepts in any place in the world. And it is in this context that I am asking your office to please allow me to attend the conference. For, it is not only the venue where the old meets the young and the neophyte but it is also the forum where legitimate exchange of i nformation among competing organizations can be achieved. Thus, fostering and enhancing not only the well-stocked reservoir of knowledge that we gain in our gargantuan experiences. Innumerable data and information under the research and development section of our company that we used as we compete globally. But that it is the sphere where competitors do not eat and tug each other's tail, but it is the place where they meet eye to eye to exchange with one another viable information that may be utilized in their companies. In the end, though it may appear that Coca-Cola has already much to offer in terms of experience and knowledge with regards to the theme of the conference, it will still be worthwhile to attend the said conference on Global Branding in the 21st Century for the age old belief still has not lost its power. It has not lost its esteem - "knowledge is power." And in a global world like ours, the one who has the most information, possess the most dynamic and important power of all. ON GLOBAL BRANDING INTRODUCTION The contemporary period is marked by one characteristic that is simply unknown prior to this period - globalization. Globalization is a term that has been defined in many ways and interpreted and understood in various forms. Since, globalization as a contemporary phenomenon permeates not only the economic, financial, market and business developments but it has also penetrated culture, tradition, communication, ideas and the likes. But in all of these it can be claimed that the salient feature of globalization is the fact that "it allows financial capital to move around freely" (Soros, 2002: 3). And in this framework we will try to address the challenges posed to Coca-Cola Company of global branding in the 21st century. Being such, this report will not look into the strategic positions and organizational effectiveness that Coca-Cola has used as it meet the global demand of the 21st century. But rather we will look into the Coca-Cola brand, a century old brand, that has survived and defied the many challenges of market itself and the formidable task that it faces as it compete in the global market, in the global village. THE COMPANY "Coca-Cola Company, founded on l896, is the world leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non- alcoholic

John Locke ideas Essay Example for Free

John Locke ideas Essay How did ideas of Lockes Social Contract influence the Declaration of Independence? John Locke’s ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence by the discussion of equal rights, purpose of the government, and what the people should do to an abusive government. Both in the Declaration of Independence and in the Social Contract John Locke, they list that men should have equal rights. Also they both state the purpose of having a government. Lastly, they say what the people should do if the government does not protect these rights. In the Social Contract by John Locke and in the Declaration of Independence they state that men have rights. In the Social Contract it says â€Å"Men have rights by their nature†¦ We give up our right to ourselves exact [revenge] for crimes in return for [nonjudgmental] justice backed by overwhelming force. We retain the right to life and liberty, and gain the right to just, impartial protection of our property. † Just as in the Declaration of Independence it says â€Å"We hold these truths to be [obvious], that all men are created equal, that they are [entitled] by their Creator with certain [mandatory] Rights, that among these Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. † Therefore the Declaration of Independence got the idea Life, Liberty, and pursuit happiness from the Social Contract. Another idea both the Social Contract and Declaration of Independence have in common is the purpose of the government. John Locke’s Social Contracts States â€Å". Society creates order and grants the state its [purpose] The only role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done† Corresponding to what the Declaration of Independence states â€Å"That to [protect] these rights, Government are [created] [by] Men, [coming] [from] their [own] powers from the [permission] of the [people]. † These writings both mean that the government has a duty to protect the rights of the people. The last thing John Locke did to influence the Declaration of Independence is he created the idea of what the citizens should do to abusive governments. â€Å"If a ruler seeks absolute power, if the acts both as judge and participant in disputes, he puts himself in a state of ear with his subjects and we have the right and the duty to kill such rulers and their servants. † this was the idea in John Lockes Social Contract. This is very similar to what the Declaration of Independence, which says â€Å"That whenever any Form of government becomes destructive of these [rights], it is the Right of the People to [change] or to [get] [rid] [of] [it], and to [create] [a] new Government†. Both of these mean that if the government does not protect the rights of the people, the people can overthrow the government. How did ideas of Lockes Social Contract influence the Declaration of Independence? John Locke’s ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence by the discussion of equal rights, purpose of the government, and what the people should do to an abusive government Men have equal rights is both stated in John Locke’s Social Contract and in the Declaration of Independence. Also they share the purpose of what the government should do. Lastly, they share the responsibilities of what the people should do in a abusive government.

Quality Care In The NHS

Quality Care In The NHS 1. What is meant by quality in the phrase quality of care? Quality, broadly speaking, is a subjective measure of excellence and when applied to health care, quality can be understood as systems and provisions of care said to be free from defects, deficiencies, and significant variations. Within the NHS, this encompasses the provision of high quality primary, secondary and community care in which the interests of patients are protected through a comprehensive set of nationally aligned policies. Lord Darzi defines quality of care as clinically effective, personal and safe. How is this achieved? Within the NHS, quality is achieved through robust regulation, inspection, standard setting, change management, community and patient advocacy, alongside continual assessment of clinical competency (Leatherman and Sunderland, 2003). Quality is about effectiveness of care, from the clinical procedure the patient receives to their quality of life after treatment. The Equity and excellence: Liberat ing the NHS white papers assertion is that to achieve our ambition for world-class healthcare outcomes, the service must be focused on outcomes and quality standards that deliver them. Leatherman S, Sutherland K, (2003) The quest for quality in the NHS: a mid term evaluation of the ten year quality agenda. London: The Stationery Office, 2. In 2008, the Department of Health published the report High quality care for all: NHS Next Stage Review final report. 30 June 2008. (a) Please summarise the main approaches to improving quality proposed by the report (b) compare and contrast these approaches to those described in Gwyn Bevans editorial (quoted from above). The Department of Health report approaches improving quality by: High Quality Care for All proposes that all providers of NHS healthcare services should produce a Quality Account: an annual report to the public about the quality of services delivered. The Health Act 2009 places this requirement onto a statutory footing. Stringent regulation from bodies with increased statutory powers. The Care Quality Commission will have new enforcement powers. NICE will be expanded to set and approve more independent quality standards. New Quality Observatories will be established in every NHS region to inform local quality improvement efforts Strategic health authorities will have a new legal duty to promote innovation. This will be twinned with a portal to share evidence-based, best practice among clinicians and other NHS staff. Devolvement of power to ensure the involvement of clinicians in decision making at every level of the NHS. The introduction of medical directors and quality boards feature at regional and national level Increasing patient information and choice will be introduced in the first NHS Constitution. Patient information will include the systematically measure and publish information about the quality of care from the frontline up. Individualisation will become the key to the way in which patients are handled with a personalised care plan. Noting that one size doesnt fit all. Incentivisation of care outcomes will include a new best practice tariff and the paper suggests this will make funding reflect quality of care. Partnership will be embraced, utilising local authorities, with the services offered personalised to meet the specific needs of their local populations Prevention not just treatment will be paramount with focus on improving health as well as treating sickness. Bevans editorial evaluates the internal market systems that have been tested within the NHS according to the Audit Commission and the Health Care Commissions paper Is treatment working? Suggesting that despite the core intention of the internal market models to improve quality and efficiency of services for patients, as Black insists, there is little evidence to suggest that this has resulted from past models or alternatively the scrapping of the internal market when Labour came to power in 1997; i.e. formation of foundation trusts, increased commissioning autonomy, patient choice or the incentivisation of health outcomes (payment by results). The NHS internal market models aimed to keep healthcare costs low by forcing providers to compete for patients not compete on the basis of quality. A stark contrast in rhetoric is seen in the proposals that are raised in the report, where marketization is the key driver of systemic improvement in quality of care. The High quality care for all: NHS Next Stage Review final report shows the need for a more market-orientated strategy: a patient choice-led approach to hospital funding, the removal of barriers preventing the use of private health providers to carry out NHS work, and the devolution of management and budgetary control from Whitehall to local communities. It appears reform is circular and the report bears a resemblances to pre-1991 measures where received funding was based on local populations. While the Report is indicative of the need for a tripartite arrangement for achieving quality, with stakeholders as informants and agents for change, Bevan argues that the internal market model proposed, although attractive, relies on the assumptions that purchasers can be effective commissioners and that failing providers will be removed from the market. The centrepiece of the White Paper reforms and Operating Framework is the handing over of decisions on care, treatments and commissioning solely to GPs, ultimately creating a stable internal model where there will be a quality equilibrium. GPs will be burdened with the challenge of acting as a middleman between the patient and provider, ultimately as a gateway to funding and care. They with fundamentally be dismantling the current monopoly of care provision. Their decision making will be accountable to local communities and a board. This new buyer position is thought to remove duplication of population care commissioning and streaml ine decision making to where the Government foresees a natural place to put this responsibility. Propper et al, (2003) noted that in 1991, the Conservatives created a set of buyers, funded by central government, who were free to purchase health care for their populations from both public and private sector suppliers. Public sector suppliers were therefore not given direct funding, but were set to compete with each other, alongside a small private sector, for contracts from these public buyers. The autonomy of Foundation Trusts as buyers, in Bevans opinion, has led to a free market of care with little standardisation, with the private sector benefitting from the poor levels of governance most. Bevanss editorial suggests this may have benefit to the population because so much healthcare cost is driven by decisions that GPs make and should not be guided by ministerial change. Unviable providers will be pushed out of the market by new entrants, creating a self-regulated, internal market. The White Paper suggests there is evidence that health systems work better where budgets and spending power are moved as close to patients as possible. Providers will be paid according to their performance. Furthermore, that a bottleneck on the road to driving the quality agenda is linked to ministerial involvement in the day-to-day running of the NHS. This new public management gives GPs greater autonomy, placed them at arms length from the government, interlinks purchasing and providing functions, and increases competition with quality in mind. GPs will be responsible for all aspects of performance; acting as bureaucratic gatekeepers for all care needs their patients, and potential scapegoa ts for ministerial politicking. As it stands, effectiveness of this system is being hindered by hierarchical bureaucracy and political micromanagement on both a local and national level, including politically driven reforms with each new government. The report suggests the forced autonomy of GP Consortia, comparatively to Bevan whom notes the earned autonomy system, in which, the independent health care inspectorate awarded each NHS provider an annual star rating of zero to three stars. Providers that scored well on the star ratings gain small financial bonuses but win much greater operational freedom, and the ability to apply to become an independent not-for-profit NHS foundation trust status. Autonomy was the incentive as this gave managers more choice. At the other end of the spectrum, providers that score zero stars are placed on special measures, and if progress is not soon forthcoming, their management is replaced. Bevan suggests that measures of Provider performance (cost, equity of access, outcomes, patient satisfaction etc.) have proved difficult to progress forward and that only patients acting as consumers has left a marked change on the system. I think it is questionable whether in the short term, GP buying powers wi ll drive quality in a market in which there are few providers. The 2008 DH report takes note of such and relays the importance of an individualised service in which patient information to inform choice will breed quality. Patient choice and measures of satisfaction will simultaneously puts more pressure on providers to increase performance of measured care outcomes, which in turn become incentivised by cash rewards. They foresee GP consortia, evaluating Services considered to be sub-standard and withdrawing them from service if patient satisfaction and quality care outcomes are not met. Propper, C., Burgess, S., and Gossage, D. (2003).Competition and quality: Evidence from the NHS internal market 1991-1999. Unpublished paper, University of Bristol. 3. As one of the accompanying papers to the White Paper Liberating the NHS, the DH has recently published Transparency in outcomes a framework for the NHS.http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Consultations/Liveconsultations/DH_117583 Please summarise the main approaches to improving quality proposed by this consultation. The NHS Operating Frame is an accountability framework which should, if followed, ensure that the NHS Commissioning Board works to deliver better healthcare outcomes. This will be through measures that are valid, reliable and sensitive to change, notably evidence-based outcome measures, not process targets. The outcomes and incentives emerging from the frameworks will be organised around 5 national outcome goals /domains that cover all treatment activity for which the NHS is responsible. Outcomes appear to be related to feasibility, cost of improvements and pre-existing data sets. Quality of care as advocated by Lord Darzi in realised in three of the domains; patient experience, safety and effectiveness. The domains fail to include outcomes of access/equity, expediency in service or efficiency, which seems to underlie previous national reforms imposed by the Labour Government in 1997. The Operating Framework fails to identify purposeful ways of addressing deficiencies and poor outcom e performance. Incentives and regulation are suggested but may not be drivers. Each of these five areas will have: outcome indicators improvement areas according to evidence (collected data, patient surveying of experience, etc) Quality standards, developed by NICE, will inform the commissioning of all NHS care and payment systems. Measuring and reporting on outcomes will focus the attention of clinicians and managers on how well they are doing, where the gaps might be between actual performance and the high aspirations of those who use the NHS. I dont believe all the outcomes are necessarily reliable measures of quality. In Domain 2, for example, there is a focus on functional outcomes and qualities of life for long term illness, which may lead to patients to receive care they do not want. A great deal of the outcomes will be developed through incrementalism, for example those related to compassion, dignity and respect as indicators of the quality of care. The measured outcomes should represent the overall quality of healthcare provided by the NHS, as well as being responsive to population need and demand. The outcomes should also be attributable directly to the actions of health care provided within the NHS, to enable accountability. Best practice should be identified and used as a basis for ensuring that the framework itself does not propagate practice that in itself leads, however indirectly, to inequalities. Key to the five high level outcome/domains is the need for a whole system approach in aspiring for complete transparency, effectiveness and patients exercising appropriate choices, alongside a need to balance local priorities. Seven principles underpin the framework which are intended to improve the quality of health care, these are: Balanced between need and demand Accountability and transparency Internationally comparability Patient and clinician centred environments and service delivery. Excellence and equality promotion Adaptability and focus on outcomes that can be forged in partnership with other public services. International comparability The Health Secretary will be able to hold the new independent NHS Commissioning Board to account for securing improved health outcomes, and measuring the outcomes that are most important to patients and healthcare professionals. These will be backed up by authoritative, evidence-based quality standards that will ensure everyone understands how those outcomes can be achieved Based on past experience, what do you think are the likelihoods of success of this latest initiative? Please ensure that you consider these in the context of the likely challenges for the NHS over the next few years. (Please cite references if referring to evidence of the impact of previous initiatives). The attention of policymakers is always firmly fixed on the future and rarely on documented measures of progress to assess the impact of one set of reforms, before the next wave of organizational change. Political values dominate empirical evidence for reform. With such levels of political uncertainty, it is hard to evaluate if in five years time, a general election will lead to a change in leadership and new Health Minister. With this in mind, change often does not necessarily make best use of available resources, skills and knowledge. The direct influence of research evidence on decision making is often tempered by factors such as financial constraints, shifting timescales and decision makers own experiential knowledge (Elliott 1999). With devolvement of power to local government, there is need for a precise balance to be struck between strategies based on choice and competition on the one hand, and local voice and democratization on the other. On its own, I dont think the NHS reforms will create a patient-led system. It is the people, the leaders and staff of the NHS, who will make or break the change process. Central to this, is the way in which the White Paper reforms will radically change the way in with GPs work collaboratively with providers to better the health and social care of the population they serve. Reorganisation will ultimately mean GPs will have to create new organisations and learn new skills. This will take behavioural change that is likely to be unwelcomed, as theres a shift towards increased paperwork and decreased patient time. GPs have shown considerable levels of apathy towards working reforms and changes in service delivery in the past, including contracted hours. For example, previously published opinion has indicated that the medical profession were predominantly opposed to the package of NHS reforms outlined in the Working for Patients and were especially opposed to the administration of hospital s by self-governing trusts (Lister, 1990). GP consortia will be exactly that, self-operating. As the Operating Framework enters its live consultation it will be important to gather evidence as to strength of feeling with which those opinions, either for or against various aspects of the NHS reforms are held. Reform is costly, since managers and other NHS professionals invest a huge amount of time and effort with each re-organization. The NHS faces the need to make cost savings of  £15-20 billion over the next four years. It is faced with the challenge to create better health outcomes with less resources. Moving to the new system, maintaining control of day-to-day services, and implementing these savings is going to require skilled management. This at time when the NHS is shedding much of its management workforce and when managers have been under political attack. Introduced in 2004 as part of the General Medical Services Contract, the QOF is a voluntary incentive scheme for GP practices in the UK, rewarding them for how well they care for patients. the higher the score, the higher the financial reward for the practice. The very suggestion that this was voluntary implies that not everyone welcomed such change. The introduction of a free market, in which providers can tender for supplying a service as opposed to an internal market, could serve to drive efficiency savings and quality of care. However, accountability and patient choice would require considerably management and information sharing across GP consortia. Department of Health. Payment by Results. London: DoH, 2002. 5. One of the differences in the current UK coalition governments approach to improving quality, compared to previous governments, is in the use of targets. Targets are defined by the DH (DH 2004) as: Targets refer to a defined level of performance that is being aimed for, often with a numerical and time dimension. The purpose of a target is to incentivise improvement in the specific area covered by the target over a particular timeframe. List the possible benefits of using targets to improve health/health services and then list the potential disadvantages of using targets. Use examples (either from your experience or from what youve heard on the media) to illustrate your points. On balance, are you for or against publication? The benefits of health/ health services targets include: Supports priority setting Promotes consistency Improves commitment and fosters accountability Guides allocation of resources Milestones for incremental improvements The disadvantages of health/ health services targets include: Priorities may be misdirected and are often politically engineered Not always evidence based Hard to measure/quantify Not always related to health care outcomes Often cost related, not need related. Clouded by bureaucracy Often incentive driven ie pay to treat. One such health target in the Labour Governments Health Policy, the four-hour target, imposed in Accident and Emergency Departments has received mixed reviews. It was just one of a range of centrally imposed standards, most of them designed to speed up treatment. With such a target, volume of patients being treated and the expediency of their treatment is implied to be of greater importance that the quality of care or health outcomes of patients. The Guardian, (2010) reports In opposition Lansley had been critical of the way that targets distorted the behaviour of doctors, saying in the case of AE that people should be treated in relation to the severity of their injury not an arbitrary time limit. 6. The current government is strengthening the role of the regulator. Please summarise the role of the Care Quality Commission (CQC). What challenges do you think the CQC will face over the next few years? In April 2009, as the result of passing of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (2008 Act), the outcome-based regulator, Care Quality Commission (CQC) was officially established. Their primary role is to act as an independent regulator of the quality and capacity of health and adult social care. They are responsible for registering, reviewing and inspecting health, adult social care and mental health services to judge the clinical quality of healthcare. Regulation directly relates to the quality of care experienced by people, so called end users, who use the services and align to the Coalitions vision of a user-centred, integrated service with a strong focus on quality (CDC, 2010). Indeed, when services fail to meet the health and safety legal requirements of their compulsory registration, action against them is taken through strict enforcement powers. In the next few years, as we transition from one governance model to the next, exchanging power to a local level, improvements must be closely aligned to quality and substantial, evidence-based research. Research grants are being cut and it is likely public sector research, including health research, will suffer as result of such austerity. The CDCs broad remit to oversee NHS organisations is not limited to particular service areas or functions, like that of many of the existing regulators. They may find themselves over extending and unable to fully engage with the public in a transparent and meaningful way. As quality of care is embedded to offer assurance and to deliver improvements over time, there is potential for major disruption to be caused by the scale of the change management discussed within the White Paper. The CQCs model of regulation puts user involvement and community level accountability at the core of their actions. Though this is consistent with the changes implied within both the White Paper and Operational Framework, there is still considerable ambiguity surrounded where responsibility will lie across all regulated services, especially with the introduction of GP consortia. Until this is resolved and clarity found, ambiguity will only be escalated by poor engagement of stakeholders and insufficient information dissemination through the crucial transitional points. As patterns of service provision change, consistently identifying providers and commissioners, and then allowing for local communities to hold them to account for the services they provide may prove difficult. Once established within a professional capacity, the CDC will need to be aware of the information on outcomes and how it should be presented in a format that is accessible and meaningful to influence patient choice. Furthermore, in their role as an advocate of patients, as a consumer champion, the CDC will also be required to ensure that people who use services understand the care choices available to them and are involved in making decisions about their own care and support. The CDC (2010) note that Patient and public involvement in health organisation will be strengthened by the creation of HealthWatch England a new independent consumer champion within the Care Quality Commission. As a so called consumer champion, this suggests end user expectations may be heightened. Questions must be asked of how HealthWatch England shall be regulated.